Over-the-counter antibiotics: what you can buy and when to see a doctor

Confused about over-the-counter antibiotics? You're not alone. In most countries, true antibiotics that treat internal infections need a prescription. But there are some topical antibiotic ointments and antiseptics you can buy without a script. This page explains the difference, the risks, and what to do for common minor infections.

Which antibiotics are sold without a prescription?

What you can grab at the pharmacy usually includes topical products: bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and combination ointments like triple antibiotic cream. These are for minor cuts, scrapes, and surface skin infections. They help prevent infection in small wounds but won’t treat a throat infection, urinary tract infection, or pneumonia.

Other OTC products are antiseptics — hydrogen peroxide, iodine, chlorhexidine — which clean a wound but don’t kill bacteria inside the body. If a seller offers oral antibiotics without a prescription, that’s a red flag. Buying prescription antibiotics OTC or online without a valid prescription can be unsafe and illegal.

When to use topical OTC antibiotics and when not to

Use a topical antibiotic for a shallow cut or scrape that looks clean but might get dirty. Clean the wound first with soap and water, pat dry, apply a thin layer of ointment, and cover with a bandage. Check the wound over 24–48 hours. If it becomes red, swollen, warm, or painful, or if you get a fever, see a healthcare provider.

Don’t use topical antibiotics for large wounds, deep puncture injuries, animal bites, or wounds with dirt pushed deep inside. Those often need stitches, a tetanus shot, or prescription antibiotics. Also, avoid sharing tubes of ointment — that can spread bacteria and resistant strains.

Antibiotic resistance is a real concern. Using antibiotics when you don’t need them, stopping a prescribed course early, or using leftover pills raises the chance that future infections won’t respond to treatment. That’s why doctors limit OTC access to topical products only.

If you’re dealing with a sore throat, cough, ear pain, painful urination, high fever, or spreading skin infection, call your doctor or visit urgent care. Bring a list of symptoms, how long they’ve lasted, any recent antibiotics you took, and allergies. A proper diagnosis may require a prescription and tests like throat swabs or urine analysis.

Need quick relief while waiting for care? For many minor problems, OTC pain relievers, fever reducers, saline nasal sprays, warm compresses, and antiseptic wound care will help. Talk to a pharmacist — they can advise on safe OTC options and whether you should see a doctor.

Bottom line: topical antibiotics and antiseptics are OK for small wounds. For internal or serious infections, always get a proper medical assessment and prescription. That keeps you safer and helps prevent antibiotic resistance.